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Effect of endosymbionts on composition and properties of Trichomonas vaginalis exosomes
Zdrha, Alois ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite of the human reproductive tract and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most spread non-viral sexually transmitted disease. Although trichomoniasis usually has mild symptoms, it can lead to serious adverse effects. The course of the disease is influenced by the host immune system, microbiome and virulence of the parasite. Importantly, the virulence of T. vaginalis is extremely variable, and it depends on secreted and surface molecules. Among these are proteases and adhesins, which can be secreted as part of the secretome or through extracellular vesicles (EVs). Further potential virulence factors are the endosymbionts of T. vaginalis: Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) and Mycoplasma hominis. Although extensively studied, no consensus on whether TVV exacerbates trichomoniasis has been reached. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the effect of TVV on the protein and RNA exosomal cargo and to assess the cytokines induced by exosomes of TVV-positive T. vaginalis. Key words endosymbionts, dsRNA virus, TVV, exosome, parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis, bioinfor- matics
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The role of extracellular vesicles in transmission of dsRNA viruses in parasitic protist Trichomomas vaginalis.
Horáčková, Jana ; Rada, Petr (advisor) ; Voleman, Luboš (referee)
Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protist found in the human urogenital tract, where it adheres to the epithelial cells. During infection, T. vaginalis cells release extracellular vesicles that allow them to communicate with each other and modulate the host immune response. Most studied T. vaginalis strains contain dsRNA Trichomonasviruses (TVVs). These viruses belong to the Totiviridae family, which includes other dsRNA viruses from various parasitic protists. TVV is transmitted vertically to the daughter cells during cell division. Horizontal transfer of TVV between T. vaginalis cells has not yet been proven. TVV particles were found inside small extracellular vesicles that release infected T. vaginalis into the extracellular space. In this thesis, it was shown that TVV could be transmitted between trichomonads during co-cultivation of infected and uninfected trichomonads. However, stable TVV infection of trichomonads was not observed. It was also proven that extracellular vesicles from infected trichomonads could transmit TVV among other trichomonads. Nevertheless, this way of transmission did not lead to the stable TVV infection of trichomonads either.
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